11.1 Anti-Money Laundering (AML)

Italy enforces AML regulations under Legislative Decree No. 231/2007, aligned with EU directives. Obligated entities include banks, accountants, lawyers, and real estate agents. Key requirements include:

• Customer due diligence (KYC)
• Suspicious transaction reporting (STR)
• Internal controls and staff training

The Financial Intelligence Unit (UIF) monitors compliance and investigates suspicious activity.

11.2 Anti-Corruption Measures

Italy has strengthened anti-corruption laws through Legislative Decree No. 190/2012 and the establishment of ANAC (National Anti-Corruption Authority). Companies must adopt:

• Ethical codes and compliance programs
• Whistleblower protections
• Risk assessments and internal audits

Public procurement and government contracts are subject to strict transparency rules.

11.3 Corporate Liability

Under Legislative Decree No. 231/2001, companies can be held criminally liable for offenses committed by directors or employees. Covered crimes include:

• Fraud and embezzlement
• Bribery and corruption
• Money laundering and terrorism financing

To mitigate liability, companies must implement a compliance model (Modello 231) and appoint a supervisory body (Organismo di Vigilanza).

11.4 Enforcement and Penalties

Violations may result in fines, asset seizures, disqualification from public contracts, and reputational damage. Enforcement is carried out by the Guardia di Finanza, judiciary, and regulatory bodies. International cooperation is common in cross-border investigations.