{"id":7670,"date":"2025-09-11T14:01:56","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T12:01:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taxing.it\/?p=7670"},"modified":"2026-02-24T12:56:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T11:56:18","slug":"02-business-structures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/02-business-structures\/","title":{"rendered":"Business Structures"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7670\" class=\"elementor elementor-7670\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ea39c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ea39c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fe2137 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8fe2137\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f6f03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93f6f03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>2.1 Overview<\/h2>\n<p>This blog post is intended to provide a high level overview of the types of business structures available to investors in a business to be carried on in Italy and applies primarily to the situation where the investors are&nbsp; individuals&nbsp; &#8211; separate and different considerations may apply where the investor is a corporate body.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It should be remembered that in considering the structure to be used, capital required to fund operations can in some cases be injected in the form of a loan to the entity. Separate tax considerations apply to the lending flows. Providing start-up capital can in certain circumstances optimize tax flows, albeit in the context of limits on the tax deduction of interest and anti tax avoidance rules.<\/p>\n<p>The costs (in terms of professional fees, notary, attorney and accountancy\/tax compliance) of setting up and annual maintenance of some of the entities covered below can be expensive compared to the overhead cost in &#8220;Anglo Saxon&#8221; countries, and those costs may in themselves be an element in the choice of business vehicle.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/table-of-vat-rates-2\/\">VAT (value added tax)<\/a> consequences also need to be considered especially in the contact of real estate and export ventures.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For more information on <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/italian-taxes-for-corporations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Italian tax for corporate entities<\/a> see this post. Further information on <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/withholding-tax-rates-under-italys-double-taxation-agreements-dtas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Italian withholding taxes<\/a> can be found here.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b354d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b354d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>2.2 Some standard choices of business structures<\/h2><p>Below you can find some (but certainly not all) of the usual business structures utilised for a business in Italy beyond simply setting up as a sole proprietor. Click on the drop down arrow in each case for more information.\u00a0<\/p><p>Note that in the Italian language the &#8220;Societ\u00e0&#8221; is used both to describe partnership type structures (<em>societ\u00e0 di persone<\/em>) and corporate entitles (<em>societ\u00e0 di capitale<\/em>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c3edd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"8c3edd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Representative Office<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1471\"><ul><li><p><strong>Legal Form<\/strong>: A <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/the-italian-representative-office\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">representative Office<\/a> No legal personality separate from foreign company which simply registers that it has an office in Italy<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Liability<\/strong>: Foreign company has <strong>unlimited\u00a0 liability<\/strong> for the company\u2019s obligations.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Management<\/strong>: managed directly by foreign company management.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Taxation<\/strong>: No liability to Italian <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/italian-taxes-for-corporations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corporate income taxes<\/a> providing activities do not de facto constitute a <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/extended-definition-of-permanent-establishment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanent establishment.<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Use Case<\/strong>: Suitable where a foreign company is not performing any business or commercial activity from Italian soil.\u00a0<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>To be used where a company wants or needs to establish a limited presence in Italy.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1472\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1472\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Sole Proprietorship (Impresa\/Ditta Individuale\/Professionista)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1472\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1472\"><ul><li><p><strong>Legal Form<\/strong>:\u00a0 No legal personality separate from the individual who registers directly for VAT<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Liability<\/strong>: The individual has <strong>unlimited\u00a0 liability<\/strong> for the obligations of the business<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Management<\/strong>: managed directly by the individual<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Taxation<\/strong>: The individual is liable to income taxes at <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/personal-income-tax-irpef-rates\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scale rates<\/a> and, possibly IRAP (regional production tax), on profits as calculated for tax purposes.\u00a0 There is the possibility of election for the flat tax <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/small-taxpayers-flat-rate-tax-regime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regime Forfettario<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Use Case<\/strong>: Suitable for freelancers, consultants, and anyone looking to set up as self employed .\u00a0<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>Simple setup and maintenance compared to corporate\/partnership structures.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1473\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1473\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">SS (Societ\u00e0 Semplice)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1473\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1473\"><p><strong>Legal Form<\/strong>: Simple Partnership (societ\u00e0 semplice)<\/p><p><strong>Liability<\/strong>: All partners have unlimited liability, though the structure allows flexibility in internal arrangements.<\/p><p><strong>Management<\/strong>: Managed directly by the partners, with minimal formalities and little requirement for corporate governance structures.<\/p><p><strong>Taxation<\/strong>: Transparent\u2014profits are taxed in the hands of the partners, not at the entity level.<\/p><p><strong>Use Case<\/strong>: Commonly used for agricultural ventures, family-owned farms, and holding agricultural property. Also favored for succession planning and asset preservation.<\/p><p>Think of it as a <strong>quietly powerful tool<\/strong>\u2014simple on the surface, but highly effective for managing rural assets and long-term family interests without corporate complexity and reduced reprting requirements.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1474\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1474\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">SNC (Societ\u00e0 in nome collettivo): General partnership. All partners have unlimited liability. Transparent for Italian tax purposes.<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1474\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1474\"><ul><li><p><strong>Legal Form<\/strong>: Partnership (<em>societ\u00e0 di persone<\/em>)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Liability<\/strong>: All partners have <strong>unlimited and joint liability<\/strong> for the company\u2019s obligations.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Management<\/strong>: Typically managed directly by the partners.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Taxation<\/strong>: Transparent\u2014profits are taxed in the hands of the partners, not at the entity level.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Use Case<\/strong>: Suitable for small businesses with high trust between partners and low risk exposure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Think of it as a tightly-knit business where everyone shares responsibility and risk.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1475\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1475\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">SAS \u2013 Societ\u00e0 in Accomandita Semplice (Limited Partnership)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1475\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1475\"><ul><li><p><strong>Legal Form<\/strong>: Partnership (societ\u00e0 di persone)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Liability<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>General partners (accomandatari)<\/strong>: Unlimited liability and management authority.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Limited partners (accomandanti)<\/strong>: Liability limited to their investment; no management role.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>Taxation<\/strong>: Transparent for general partners; limited partners may be taxed only on distributions depending on structure.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Use Case<\/strong>: Ideal when some investors want to contribute capital without being involved in daily operations or exposed to full liability.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>A hybrid model\u2014some partners steer the ship, others just fund the voyage.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1476\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1476\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">SRL \u2013 Societ\u00e0 a Responsabilit\u00e0 Limitata (Limited Liability Company)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1476\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1476\"><ul><li><p><strong>Legal Form<\/strong>: Corporation (societ\u00e0 di capitali)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Liability<\/strong>: Shareholders\u2019 liability is limited to their capital contribution.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Management<\/strong>: Managed by directors or a board;<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Corporate Governance:<\/strong> more formal governance. NB Italy&#8217;s minimum capital requirements\u00a0 \u00a0&#8211; possible obligation for shareholders to to inject further capital, in case of losses<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Taxation<\/strong>: Opaque\u2014profits taxed at the corporate level (IRES (24% of tax profits) and IRAP 3.9% (generally) of gross margin, then again when distributed as dividends.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Use Case<\/strong>: Best for medium to large ventures, or where liability protection and formal structure are important.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>This is Italy\u2019s go-to structure for scalable businesses with multiple investors.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1477\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1477\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Italian registered branch of a non-Italian Limited Liability Company<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1477\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1477\"><ul><li><p><strong>Legal Form<\/strong>: Corporation with branch registered as Italian Business Registry (Camera di Commercio)<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Liability<\/strong>: Shareholders\u2019 liability is limited according to the foreign jurisdiction rules<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Management<\/strong>: Managed primarily by a director or a board\u00a0 of directors at foreign company level who delegate day to day operational\u00a0 powers to authorised representatives or representatives at the Italian level (who take on most of the liabilities and obligations of a director of an Italian Srl);<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Corporate Governance:<\/strong> less formal governance at the Italian level after set up.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Taxation<\/strong>: Opaque\u2014profits taxed at the branch\u00a0 (IRES and IRAP), but not on repatriation distributed as dividends.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Use Case<\/strong>: Best for small or medium sized ventures (although the structure is also used by larger multinational coporations. Can create tension between the &#8220;tax fiction&#8221; that the branch is treated for tax purposes as if it were a legal entity separate from the head office company, and the fact that the branch does not have legal personality from the head office company<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><i>Offers foreign investors the possibility of more familiar business structure and possibility of repatriating profits without Italian withholding tax.<\/i><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1478\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1478\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Joint Venture Agreement  - Associazione in Partecipazione<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1478\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1478\"><ul><li><p>It is <strong>not a company<\/strong>, but a <strong>contract<\/strong> under Articles 2549\u20132554 of the Italian Civil Code.<\/p><\/li><li><p>One party (the <strong>associante<\/strong>) runs the business or project.<\/p><\/li><li><p>The other (the <strong>associato<\/strong>) contributes capital, work, or assets in exchange for a share of profits (and possibly losses).<\/p><\/li><li><p>No registration with the Companies Register is required.<\/p><\/li><li><p>The associato has <strong>no liability<\/strong> to third parties and <strong>no management powers<\/strong>, though they may have <strong>audit rights<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>It is often used for <strong>short-term ventures<\/strong>, <strong>silent partnerships<\/strong>, or <strong>project-based collaborations<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1479\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1479\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M143 256.3L7 120.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0L313 86.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.4 9.5-24.6 9.5-34 .1zm34 192l136-136c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L160 352.1l-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L7 278.3c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l136 136c9.4 9.5 24.6 9.5 34 .1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-double-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M177 255.7l136 136c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-22.6 22.6c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L160 351.9l-96.4 96.4c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0L7 425.7c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l136-136c9.4-9.5 24.6-9.5 34-.1zm-34-192L7 199.7c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l96.4-96.4 96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-136-136c-9.2-9.4-24.4-9.4-33.8 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Co-operative<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1479\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1479\"><p data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"268\"><strong data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"233\">Legal Form:<\/strong> Co-operative (Societ\u00e0 Cooperativa)<\/p><p data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"284\"><strong data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"284\">Liability:\u00a0 <\/strong>Members: Generally limited to the amount of capital subscribed, unless the by-laws provide otherwise (rare in modern structures).<\/p><p data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"530\"><strong>Management<\/strong>: Directors are responsible for management and subject to ordinary directors\u2019 liability rules under Italian civil law.<\/p><p data-start=\"532\" data-end=\"827\"><strong data-start=\"532\" data-end=\"545\">Taxation:<\/strong> Corporate taxation (IRES + IRAP).<br data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"582\" \/>Co-operatives meeting the \u201cprevalent mutuality \u201d (mutualit\u00e0 prevalente) requirements benefit from partial tax exemptions on retained profits and other fiscal advantages. Member transactions may receive favourable treatment depending on structure.<\/p><p data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"1055\"><strong data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"842\">Use Case:<\/strong> Suitable where the primary objective is mutual benefit of members rather than profit maximisation \u2014 commonly used for worker co-operatives, social enterprises, agricultural collectives, and community initiatives.<\/p><p data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"875\"><strong data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"875\">Profit Distribution: <\/strong>is legally restricted.<\/p><p data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"949\">Co-operatives must allocate:<\/p><ul data-start=\"951\" data-end=\"1189\"><li data-start=\"951\" data-end=\"1013\"><p data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"1013\">At least <strong data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"991\">30% of annual net profits<\/strong> to the legal reserve;<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1135\"><p data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1135\">A mandatory contribution (currently 3%) to the national mutual fund for the promotion and development of co-operatives;<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1136\" data-end=\"1189\"><p data-start=\"1138\" data-end=\"1189\">Any additional allocations required by the by-laws.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1244\">For co-operatives with <em data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1236\">mutualit\u00e0 prevalente<\/em> status:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1246\" data-end=\"1530\"><li data-start=\"1246\" data-end=\"1366\"><p data-start=\"1248\" data-end=\"1366\">Dividends are capped (linked to the maximum rate applicable to postal savings bonds, increased by a statutory margin);<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1435\"><p data-start=\"1369\" data-end=\"1435\">Indivisible reserves cannot be distributed, even upon liquidation;<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1436\" data-end=\"1530\"><p data-start=\"1438\" data-end=\"1530\">Surplus is primarily intended to support mutual member benefits rather than investor return.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1057\" data-end=\"1179\"><em>A democratic enterprise \u2014 one member, one vote \u2014 where the business exists to serve its members, not outside shareholders.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc9cf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dc9cf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>2.3 Summary of Main Corporate entities<\/h2><p>The table below is intended to provide a high level summary of the tax treatment of taxation flows across the different entities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d13d49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"6d13d49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\" cellspacing=\"0\">\r\n  <thead>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <th>Feature<\/th>\r\n      <th>SNC<br>Societ\u00e0 in nome collettivo<\/th>\r\n      <th>SAS<br>Societ\u00e0 in accomandita semplice<\/th>\r\n      <th>SRL<br>Societ\u00e0 a responsabilit\u00e0 limitata<\/th>\r\n      <th>Associazione in partecipazione<\/th>\r\n      <th>Filiale \/ Sede Secondaria<br>(Italian Branch)<\/th>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/thead>\r\n  <tbody>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Legal Form<\/td>\r\n      <td>Partnership<\/td>\r\n      <td>Limited Partnership<\/td>\r\n      <td>Corporation<\/td>\r\n      <td>Contractual Arrangement<\/td>\r\n      <td>Permanent Establishment<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Separate Legal Entity<\/td>\r\n      <td>No<\/td>\r\n      <td>No<\/td>\r\n      <td>Yes<\/td>\r\n      <td>No<\/td>\r\n      <td>No<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Liability<\/td>\r\n      <td>Unlimited (all partners)<\/td>\r\n      <td>Unlimited (general partners); limited (others)<\/td>\r\n      <td>Limited to capital contribution<\/td>\r\n      <td>Associante liable; associato not liable<\/td>\r\n      <td>Parent company liable<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Management<\/td>\r\n      <td>All partners<\/td>\r\n      <td>General partners only<\/td>\r\n      <td>Directors or board<\/td>\r\n      <td>Associante manages; associato may audit<\/td>\r\n      <td>Managed by appointed representative<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Italian Tax Treatment<\/td>\r\n      <td>Transparent<\/td>\r\n      <td>Transparent (general partners); limited partners taxed on distributions<\/td>\r\n      <td>Corporate tax on profits; shareholders taxed on dividends<\/td>\r\n      <td>Transparent<\/td>\r\n      <td>Corporate tax on branch profits<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>U.S. Tax Treatment<\/td>\r\n      <td>Partnership (transparent)<\/td>\r\n      <td>Partnership (transparent)<\/td>\r\n      <td>Corporation (opaque) unless elected otherwise<\/td>\r\n      <td>Partnership (transparent)<\/td>\r\n      <td>Branch income taxable as foreign source<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>UK Tax Treatment<\/td>\r\n      <td>Taxed on arising basis<\/td>\r\n      <td>Taxed on arising basis<\/td>\r\n      <td>Taxed on distributions<\/td>\r\n      <td>Taxed on arising basis<\/td>\r\n      <td>Taxed on arising basis<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Governance Formality<\/td>\r\n      <td>Low<\/td>\r\n      <td>Moderate<\/td>\r\n      <td>High<\/td>\r\n      <td>Low<\/td>\r\n      <td>Moderate<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Use Case<\/td>\r\n      <td>Small ventures with active partners<\/td>\r\n      <td>Passive investment with active management<\/td>\r\n      <td>Scalable businesses with liability protection<\/td>\r\n      <td>Temporary or flexible collaboration<\/td>\r\n      <td>Foreign company operating in Italy<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n    <tr>\r\n      <td>Withholding Tax on Distributions to Non-Residents<\/td>\r\n      <td>None (transparent)<\/td>\r\n      <td>None for general partners; 26% for limited partners unless reduced by treaty<\/td>\r\n      <td>26% standard rate; reduced under DTT or EU Directive<\/td>\r\n      <td>26% on profit share unless reduced by treaty<\/td>\r\n      <td>No withholding; profits taxed at branch level<\/td>\r\n    <\/tr>\r\n  <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4f18e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4f18e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 32.4px;\">Doing Business in Italy<\/span><\/h2><h2><span style=\"color: #050439;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400;\">See this <a href=\"https:\/\/taxing.it\/it\/09-tax\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guide<\/a> for more information.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2.1 Overview This blog post is intended to provide a high level overview of the types of business structures available to investors in a business to be carried on in Italy and applies primarily to the situation where the investors are&nbsp; individuals&nbsp; &#8211; separate and different considerations may apply where the investor is a corporate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,713,730],"tags":[710],"class_list":["post-7670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical-resource","category-doing-business-in-italy","category-business-tax-guide","tag-doing-business-in-italy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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